The podcast episodes on radioiodine therapy and Ambroise Paré's surgical techniques illustrate the kinds of medical controversies that can arise, particularly around credit for groundbreaking discoveries and the clash between traditional and innovative practices.

For example, the episode on radioiodine therapy chronicles the controversy and conflicts between researchers like Saul Hertz and Earl Chapman over the credit for developing this radiation therapy. Similarly, the episode on Ambroise Paré covers the criticism and pushback he faced from more formally educated surgeons like Étienne Gourmelon for his innovative surgical techniques and advocacy of compassionate care.

These episodes demonstrate how medical progress is often hard-fought, with new ideas and methods having to overcome entrenched beliefs and hierarchies within the medical establishment.