Amino acids are organic compounds composed of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain. They are the basic units that form proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

The podcast episodes discuss the importance of specific amino acids, such as leucine, in regulating muscle protein synthesis and metabolism. They explore how the balance and distribution of amino acids, particularly in the context of dietary protein, can impact muscle development, obesity, diabetes, and overall health.

Episode 4523 focuses on the significance of leucine and its role in the mTOR pathway, which is a key regulator of protein synthesis. Episode 58156 discusses the potential benefits and limitations of the amino acid L-glutamine for gut health and exercise recovery.