The topic of historical counterfactuals is closely related to the podcast episodes provided, as both explore the significance of historical events and the potential impact of alternative outcomes.

In the episode 'Julian the Apostate', the panelists speculate on what might have occurred had Julian's reign not been cut short, highlighting the importance of considering alternative scenarios to fully understand the historical significance of events.

Similarly, the episode 'Lessons from The Years of Lyndon Johnson by Robert Caro [Narration]' emphasizes the importance of understanding alternative potential outcomes as key to grasping the historical significance of individuals and their actions, in this case, the life and career of Lyndon B. Johnson.